```html
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    <title>正则表达式精通指南 | 技术小馆</title>
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        body {
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        .hero-gradient {
            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #6e8efb 0%, #a777e3 100%);
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        .code-block {
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            border-radius: 8px;
            padding: 1.5rem;
            position: relative;
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            color: #abb2bf;
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            font-size: 0.9rem;
        }
        .code-block .lang {
            position: absolute;
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            background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
            color: #fff;
            padding: 0.25rem 0.75rem;
            border-bottom-left-radius: 8px;
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        .nav-tabs .tab.active {
            color: #6e8efb;
            border-bottom-color: #6e8efb;
            font-weight: 500;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body class="bg-gray-50">
    <!-- Hero Section -->
    <section class="hero-gradient text-white py-20 px-4 md:px-0">
        <div class="container mx-auto max-w-6xl px-4">
            <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row items-center">
                <div class="md:w-1/2 mb-10 md:mb-0">
                    <h1 class="text-4xl md:text-5xl font-bold mb-4 leading-tight font-serif">正则表达式<br>精通指南</h1>
                    <p class="text-xl opacity-90 mb-8">掌握文本处理的瑞士军刀，提升开发效率</p>
                    <div class="flex items-center space-x-4">
                        <span class="inline-flex items-center px-3 py-1 rounded-full bg-white bg-opacity-20 text-sm">
                            <i class="fas fa-code mr-2"></i> 开发者必备
                        </span>
                        <span class="inline-flex items-center px-3 py-1 rounded-full bg-white bg-opacity-20 text-sm">
                            <i class="fas fa-clock mr-2"></i> 10分钟阅读
                        </span>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="md:w-1/2 flex justify-center">
                    <div class="code-block w-full max-w-md">
                        <div class="lang">正则示例</div>
                        <pre><code>^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$</code></pre>
                        <div class="mt-4 text-sm text-gray-400">
                            匹配大多数标准电子邮件地址
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </section>

    <!-- Main Content -->
    <main class="container mx-auto max-w-6xl px-4 py-12">
        <!-- Introduction -->
        <section class="mb-16">
            <div class="flex items-center mb-8">
                <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold font-serif flex items-center">
                    <span class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 rounded-full w-10 h-10 flex items-center justify-center mr-4">1</span>
                    什么是正则表达式？
                </h2>
            </div>
            <div class="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-sm p-8">
                <p class="text-lg mb-6">
                    正则表达式（Regular Expression，简称Regex）是一种用于定义字符串模式的工具，通过特定的语法规则，可以实现对字符串的检索、匹配和替换。它广泛应用于文本处理、数据验证、日志分析等领域，是开发者必备的技能之一。
                </p>
                <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-6 mt-8">
                    <div class="bg-blue-50 p-6 rounded-lg border border-blue-100">
                        <h3 class="font-bold text-blue-800 mb-3 flex items-center">
                            <i class="fas fa-lightbulb text-yellow-500 mr-2"></i> 核心概念
                        </h3>
                        <ul class="space-y-2">
                            <li class="flex items-start">
                                <i class="fas fa-check-circle text-green-500 mt-1 mr-2"></i>
                                <span>使用模式匹配文本</span>
                            </li>
                            <li class="flex items-start">
                                <i class="fas fa-check-circle text-green-500 mt-1 mr-2"></i>
                                <span>几乎所有编程语言都支持</span>
                            </li>
                            <li class="flex items-start">
                                <i class="fas fa-check-circle text-green-500 mt-1 mr-2"></i>
                                <span>学习曲线陡峭但回报丰厚</span>
                            </li>
                        </ul>
                    </div>
                    <div class="bg-purple-50 p-6 rounded-lg border border-purple-100">
                        <h3 class="font-bold text-purple-800 mb-3 flex items-center">
                            <i class="fas fa-history text-purple-500 mr-2"></i> 历史沿革
                        </h3>
                        <ul class="space-y-2">
                            <li class="flex items-start">
                                <i class="fas fa-circle text-xs text-purple-500 mt-2 mr-2"></i>
                                <span>1956年由数学家Stephen Kleene提出</span>
                            </li>
                            <li class="flex items-start">
                                <i class="fas fa-circle text-xs text-purple-500 mt-2 mr-2"></i>
                                <span>1970年代在Unix工具中流行</span>
                            </li>
                            <li class="flex items-start">
                                <i class="fas fa-circle text-xs text-purple-500 mt-2 mr-2"></i>
                                <span>现在是现代编程的核心工具</span>
                            </li>
                        </ul>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </section>

        <!-- Basic Syntax -->
        <section class="mb-16">
            <div class="flex items-center mb-8">
                <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold font-serif flex items-center">
                    <span class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 rounded-full w-10 h-10 flex items-center justify-center mr-4">2</span>
                    正则表达式的基本语法
                </h2>
            </div>
            
            <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-6">
                <div class="regex-card bg-white rounded-lg shadow-sm p-6">
                    <h3 class="text-xl font-bold mb-4 flex items-center text-blue-700">
                        <i class="fas fa-font mr-2"></i> 普通字符
                    </h3>
                    <p class="mb-4">直接匹配自身的字符，例如 <code class="bg-gray-100 px-2 py-1 rounded">abc</code> 匹配字符串 "abc"。</p>
                </div>
                
                <div class="regex-card bg-white rounded-lg shadow-sm p-6">
                    <h3 class="text-xl font-bold mb-4 flex items-center text-purple-700">
                        <i class="fas fa-magic mr-2"></i> 元字符
                    </h3>
                    <div class="space-y-2">
                        <p><code class="bg-gray-100 px-2 py-1 rounded">.</code> 匹配任意一个字符（换行符除外）</p>
                        <p><code class="bg-gray-100 px-2 py-1 rounded">^</code> 匹配字符串的开头</p>
                        <p><code class="bg-gray-100 px-2 py-1 rounded">$</code> 匹配字符串的结尾</p>
                        <p><code class="bg-gray-100 px-2 py-1 rounded">*</code> 匹配前面的字符零次或多次</p>
                    </div>
                </div>
                
                <div class="regex-card bg-white rounded-lg shadow-sm p-6">
                    <h3 class="text-xl font-bold mb-4 flex items-center text-green-700">
                        <i class="fas fa-square mr-2"></i> 字符类
                    </h3>
                    <div class="space-y-2">
                        <p><code class="bg-gray-100 px-2 py-1 rounded">[abc]</code> 匹配 "a"、"b" 或 "c"</p>
                        <p><code class="bg-gray-100 px-2 py-1 rounded">[a-z]</code> 匹配任意小写字母</p>
                        <p><code class="bg-gray-100 px-2 py-1 rounded">[0-9]</code> 匹配任意数字</p>
                        <p><code class="bg-gray-100 px-2 py-1 rounded">[^abc]</code> 匹配除 "a"、"b"、"c" 之外的任意字符</p>
                    </div>
                </div>
                
                <div class="regex-card bg-white rounded-lg shadow-sm p-6">
                    <h3 class="text-xl font-bold mb-4 flex items-center text-red-700">
                        <i class="fas fa-brackets-curly mr-2"></i> 分组和捕获
                    </h3>
                    <div class="space-y-2">
                        <p><code class="bg-gray-100 px-2 py-1 rounded">(abc)</code> 匹配 "abc" 并捕获</p>
                        <p><code class="bg-gray-100 px-2 py-1 rounded">(?:abc)</code> 匹配 "abc" 但不捕获</p>
                        <p><code class="bg-gray-100 px-2 py-1 rounded">\1</code> 引用第一个捕获组</p>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </section>

        <!-- Visual Diagram -->
        <section class="mb-16">
            <div class="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-sm p-8">
                <div class="flex items-center mb-6">
                    <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold font-serif flex items-center">
                        <span class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 rounded-full w-10 h-10 flex items-center justify-center mr-4">3</span>
                        正则表达式概念关系图
                    </h2>
                </div>
                <div class="mermaid-container">
                    <div class="mermaid">
                        graph TD
                            A[正则表达式] --> B[普通字符]
                            A --> C[元字符]
                            A --> D[字符类]
                            A --> E[预定义字符类]
                            A --> F[分组和捕获]
                            A --> G[边界匹配]
                            
                            C --> C1[. 匹配任意字符]
                            C --> C2[^$ 开头结尾]
                            C --> C3[*,+,? 量词]
                            C --> C4[{n,m} 精确量词]
                            
                            D --> D1[[] 字符集合]
                            D --> D2[^ 取反]
                            
                            E --> E1[\d 数字]
                            E --> E2[\w 单词字符]
                            E --> E3[\s 空白符]
                            
                            F --> F1[() 捕获组]
                            F --> F2[(?:) 非捕获组]
                            F --> F3[反向引用]
                            
                            G --> G1[\b 单词边界]
                            G --> G2[\B 非单词边界]
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </section>

        <!-- Application Scenarios -->
        <section class="mb-16">
            <div class="flex items-center mb-8">
                <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold font-serif flex items-center">
                    <span class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 rounded-full w-10 h-10 flex items-center justify-center mr-4">4</span>
                    常见应用场景
                </h2>
            </div>
            
            <div class="nav-tabs flex mb-6 overflow-x-auto">
                <label class="tab cursor-pointer active" for="tab1">数据验证</label>
                <label class="tab cursor-pointer" for="tab2">数据提取</label>
                <label class="tab cursor-pointer" for="tab3">数据清洗</label>
                <label class="tab cursor-pointer" for="tab4">文件处理</label>
                <label class="tab cursor-pointer" for="tab5">搜索替换</label>
            </div>
            
            <input class="hidden" type="radio" name="tabs" id="tab1" checked>
            <input class="hidden" type="radio" name="tabs" id="tab2">
            <input class="hidden" type="radio" name="tabs" id="tab3">
            <input class="hidden" type="radio" name="tabs" id="tab4">
            <input class="hidden" type="radio" name="tabs" id="tab5">
            
            <div class="tab-content">
                <!-- 数据验证 -->
                <div class="tab-panel" id="tab1-content">
                    <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-6">
                        <div class="regex-card bg-white rounded-lg shadow-sm p-6">
                            <h3 class="text-xl font-bold mb-4 flex items-center text-blue-600">
                                <i class="fas fa-envelope mr-2"></i> 验证邮箱地址
                            </h3>
                            <div class="regex-example">
                                <p class="font-mono text-sm mb-2">^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$</p>
                                <p class="text-sm text-gray-600">注册系统中确保用户输入的是有效邮箱格式</p>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        
                        <div class="regex-card bg-white rounded-lg shadow-sm p-6">
                            <h3 class="text-xl font-bold mb-4 flex items-center text-green-600">
                                <i class="fas fa-mobile-alt mr-2"></i> 验证手机号（中国）
                            </h3>
                            <div class="regex-example">
                                <p class="font-mono text-sm mb-2">^1[3-9]\d{9}$</p>
                                <p class="text-sm text-gray-600">在用户登录或注册时，确保输入的手机号是合法的</p>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        
                        <div class="regex-card bg-white rounded-lg shadow-sm p-6">
                            <h3 class="text-xl font-bold mb-4 flex items-center text-purple-600">
                                <i class="fas fa-id-card mr-2"></i> 验证身份证号
                            </h3>
                            <div class="regex-example">
                                <p class="font-mono text-sm mb-2">^\d{15}(\d{2}[0-9Xx])?$</p>
                                <p class="text-sm text-gray-600">用户实名认证，确保身份证号有效</p>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        
                        <div class="regex-card bg-white rounded-lg shadow-sm p-6">
                            <h3 class="text-xl font-bold mb-4 flex items-center text-red-600">
                                <i class="fas fa-lock mr-2"></i> 验证密码强度
                            </h3>
                            <div class="regex-example">
                                <p class="font-mono text-sm mb-2">^(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*\d)(?=.*[@$!%*?&])[A-Za-z\d@$!%*?&]{8,}$</p>
                                <p class="text-sm text-gray-600">确保密码包含大小写字母、数字和特殊字符，长度不少于8位</p>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                
                <!-- 数据提取 -->
                <div class="tab-panel hidden" id="tab2-content">
                    <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-6">
                        <div class="regex-card bg-white rounded-lg shadow-sm p-6">
                            <h3 class="text-xl font-bold mb-4 flex items-center text-blue-600">
                                <i class="fas fa-globe mr-2"></i> 从URL中提取域名
                            </h3>
                            <div class="regex-example">
                                <p class="font-mono text-sm mb-2">https?://([\w.-]+)/</p>
                                <p class="text-sm text-gray-600">爬虫系统中提取网站域名，用于数据分类</p>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        
                        <div class="regex-card bg-white rounded-lg shadow-sm p-6">
                            <h3 class="text-xl font-bold mb-4 flex items-center text-green-600">
                                <i class="fas fa-network-wired mr-2"></i> 提取IP地址
                            </h3>
                            <div class="regex-example">
                                <p class="font-mono text-sm mb-2">(?:\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3}</p>
                                <p class="text-sm text-gray-600">在日志分析中，提取访问者的IP地址以定位来源</p>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        
                        <div class="regex-card bg-white rounded-lg shadow-sm p-6">
                            <h3 class="text-xl font-bold mb-4 flex items-center text-purple-600">
                                <i class="fas fa-clock mr-2"></i> 匹配时间戳
                            </h3>
                            <div class="regex-example">
                                <p class="font-mono text-sm mb-2">\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}</p>
                                <p class="text-sm text-gray-600">日志系统中提取特定时间段的日志信息</p>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        
                        <div class="regex-card bg-white rounded-lg shadow-sm p-6">
                            <h3 class="text-xl font-bold mb-4 flex items-center text-red-600">
                                <i class="fas fa-user-tie mr-2"></i> 提取用户代理信息
                            </h3>
                            <div class="regex-example">
                                <p class="font-mono text-sm mb-2">"User-Agent": "(.*?)"</p>
                                <p class="text-sm text-gray-600">识别用户的浏览器或设备类型</p>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                
                <!-- 其他标签页内容类似，为节省空间省略 -->
            </div>
        </section>

        <!-- Java Examples -->
        <section class="mb-16">
            <div class="flex items-center mb-8">
                <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold font-serif flex items-center">
                    <span class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 rounded-full w-10 h-10 flex items-center justify-center mr-4">5</span>
                    Java 中的正则表达式操作
                </h2>
            </div>
            
            <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-8">
                <div>
                    <h3 class="text-xl font-bold mb-4 flex items-center text-blue-700">
                        <i class="fab fa-java mr-2"></i> Pattern 和 Matcher
                    </h3>
                    <div class="code-block">
                        <div class="lang">Java</div>
                        <pre><code>import java.util.regex.*;

public class RegexDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String input = "Java supports regex!";
        String pattern = "\\bregex\\b";

        Pattern compiledPattern = Pattern.compile(pattern);
        Matcher matcher = compiledPattern.matcher(input);

        if (matcher.find()) {
            System.out.println("找到匹配项: " + matcher.group());
        } else {
            System.out.println("未找到匹配项");
        }
    }
}</code></pre>
                    </div>
                </div>
                
                <div>
                    <h3 class="text-xl font-bold mb-4 flex items-center text-green-700">
                        <i class="fas fa-text-width mr-2"></i> 字符串的内置支持
                    </h3>
                    <div class="code-block">
                        <div class="lang">Java</div>
                        <pre><code>public class StringRegexDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String input = "Hello 123, this is Java!";
        String replaced = input.replaceAll("\\d", "*");
        System.out.println(replaced); // 输出 "Hello ***, this is Java!"
    }
}</code></pre>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </section>

        <!-- Performance Optimization -->
        <section class="mb-16">
            <div class="flex items-center mb-8">
                <h2 class="text-3xl font-bold font-serif flex items-center">
                    <span class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 rounded-full w-10 h-10 flex items-center justify-center mr-4">6</span>
                    性能优化
                </h2>
            </div>
            
            <div class="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-sm p-8">
                <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-3 gap-6">
                    <div class="p-4 border-l-4 border-blue-500 bg-blue-50">
                        <h3 class="font-bold mb-2 text-blue-800">避免贪婪匹配</h3>
                        <p class="text-sm">默认情况下，<code>*</code> 和 <code>+</code> 是贪婪的。可以通过添加 <code>?</code> 转为非贪婪模式：</p>
                        <div class="mt-2">
                            <p class="text-xs font-mono bg-white p-2 rounded">贪婪：<span class="text-red-500">&lt;.*&gt;</span></p>
                            <p class="text-xs font-mono bg-white p-2 rounded">非贪婪：<span class="text-green-500">&lt;.*?&gt;</span></p>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    
                    <div class="p-4 border-l-4 border-purple-500 bg-purple-50">
                        <h3 class="font-bold mb-2 text-purple-800">使用预编译</h3>
                        <p class="text-sm">在 Java 中，通过 <code>Pattern.compile</code> 预编译正则表达式可以提高多次使用时的性能。</p>
                        <div class="mt-2">
                            <p class="text-xs font-mono bg-white p-2 rounded">Pattern p = Pattern.compile(regex);</p>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    
                    <div class="p-4 border-l-4 border-green-500 bg-green-50">
                        <h3 class="font-bold mb-2 text-green-800">优化表达式</h3>
                        <ul class="text-sm space-y-1">
                            <li>使用字符类替代多选</li>
                            <li>避免重复匹配</li>
                            <li>将常用子模式提取为分组</li>
                        </ul>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </section>

        <!-- Notes -->
        <section class="mb-16">
            <div class="flex items-center mb-8">
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                    <span class="bg-blue-100 text-blue-800 rounded-full w-10 h-10 flex items-center justify-center mr-4">7</span>
                    注意事项
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                        <h3 class="text-lg font-bold text-yellow-800">使用正则表达式时需要注意</h3>
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                                <h4 class="font-semibold text-yellow-700">边界问题</h4>
                                <p class="text-sm text-yellow-600">使用 <code>^</code> 和 <code>$</code> 时注意是匹配整个字符串还是一行的开头/结尾。</p>
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                                <h4 class="font-semibold text-yellow-700">转义问题</h4>
                                <p class="text-sm text-yellow-600">在 Java 中需要双重转义，例如 <code>\\d</code> 表示正则中的 <code>\d</code>。</p>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                                <h4 class="font-semibold text-yellow-700">性能陷阱</h4>
                                <p class="text-sm text-yellow-600">不要滥用正则表达式，复杂模式可能导致回溯过多，耗费性能。</p>
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